Alpine系统下的apk指令
Alpine Linux是一个面向安全应用的轻量级Linux发行版。它采用了musl libc和busybox以减小系统的体积和运行时资源消耗，同时还提供了自己的包管理工具apk。
官方帮助文档
alpine 提供了非常好用的apk软件包管理工具，通过apk --help --verbose命令查看完整的包管理命令。
~/src # apk --help --verbose
apk-tools 2.10.3, compiled for x86_64.
usage: apk COMMAND [-h|--help] [-p|--root DIR] [-X|--repository REPO] [-q|--quiet] [-v|--verbose] [-i|--interactive] [-V|--version]
[-f|--force] [--force-binary-stdout] [--force-broken-world] [--force-non-repository] [--force-old-apk] [--force-overwrite]
[--force-refresh] [-U|--update-cache] [--progress] [--progress-fd FD] [--no-progress] [--purge] [--allow-untrusted]
[--wait TIME] [--keys-dir KEYSDIR] [--repositories-file REPOFILE] [--no-network] [--no-cache] [--cache-dir CACHEDIR]
[--cache-max-age AGE] [--arch ARCH] [--print-arch] [ARGS]...
The following commands are available:
add Add PACKAGEs to 'world' and install (or upgrade) them, while ensuring that all dependencies are met
del Remove PACKAGEs from 'world' and uninstall them
fix Repair package or upgrade it without modifying main dependencies
update Update repository indexes from all remote repositories
info Give detailed information about PACKAGEs or repositories
list List packages by PATTERN and other criteria
search Search package by PATTERNs or by indexed dependencies
upgrade Upgrade currently installed packages to match repositories
cache Download missing PACKAGEs to cache and/or delete unneeded files from cache
version Compare package versions (in installed database vs. available) or do tests on literal version strings
index Create repository index file from FILEs
fetch Download PACKAGEs from global repositories to a local directory
audit Audit the directories for changes
verify Verify package integrity and signature
dot Generate graphviz graphs
policy Show repository policy for packages
stats Show statistics about repositories and installations
manifest Show checksums of package contents
Global options:
-h, --help Show generic help or applet specific help
-p, --root DIR Install packages to DIR
-X, --repository REPO Use packages from REPO
-q, --quiet Print less information
-v, --verbose Print more information (can be doubled)
-i, --interactive Ask confirmation for certain operations
-V, --version Print program version and exit
-f, --force Enable selected --force-* (deprecated)
--force-binary-stdout Continue even if binary data is to be output
--force-broken-world Continue even if 'world' cannot be satisfied
--force-non-repository Continue even if packages may be lost on reboot
--force-old-apk Continue even if packages use unsupported features
--force-overwrite Overwrite files in other packages
--force-refresh Do not use cached files (local or from proxy)
-U, --update-cache Alias for --cache-max-age 1
--progress Show a progress bar
--progress-fd FD Write progress to fd
--no-progress Disable progress bar even for TTYs
--purge Delete also modified configuration files (pkg removal) and uninstalled packages from cache (cache clean)
--allow-untrusted Install packages with untrusted signature or no signature
--wait TIME Wait for TIME seconds to get an exclusive repository lock before failing
--keys-dir KEYSDIR Override directory of trusted keys
--repositories-file REPOFILE Override repositories file
--no-network Do not use network (cache is still used)
--no-cache Do not use any local cache path
--cache-dir CACHEDIR Override cache directory
--cache-max-age AGE Maximum AGE (in minutes) for index in cache before refresh
--arch ARCH Use architecture with --root
--print-arch Print default arch and exit
This apk has coffee making abilities.
使用示例
下面列举常用命令：
apk update
update：从远程镜像源中更新本地镜像源索引。
update命令会从各个镜像源列表下载APKINDEX.tar.gz并存储到本地缓存，一般在/var/cache/apk/(Alpine在该目录下)、/var/lib/apk/ 、/etc/apk/cache/下。
apk add
add：安装PACKAGES并自动解决依赖关系。
add命令从仓库中安装最新软件包，并自动安装必须的依赖包，也可以从第三方仓库添加软件包。
$ apk add openssh openntp vim
$ apk add --no-cache mysql-client
$ apk add docker --update-cache --repository http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.4/main/ --allow-untrusted
【安装指定版本软件包】
$ apk add asterisk=1.6.0.21-r0
$ apk add 'asterisk<1.6.1'
$ apk add 'asterisk>1.6.1'
apk del
del：卸载并删除PACKAGES
apk del openssh openntp vim
apk upgrade
upgrade：升级当前已安装的软件包。
upgrade命令升级系统已安装的所有软件包（一般包括内核），当然也可指定仅升级部分软件包（通过-u或–upgrade选择指定）。
$ apk update #更新最新本地镜像源
$ apk upgrade #升级软件
$ apk add --upgrade busybox #指定升级部分软件包
apk search
search：搜索软件包。
search命令搜索可用软件包，-v 参数输出描述内容，支出通配符，-d 或 –description 参数指定通过软件包描述查询。
$ apk search #查找所有可用软件包
$ apk search -v #查找所有可用软件包及其描述内容
$ apk search -v 'acf*' #通过软件包名称查找软件包
$ apk search -v -d 'docker' #通过描述文件查找特定的软件包
apk info
info：列出PACKAGES或镜像源的详细信息。
info命令用于显示软件包的信息。
$ apk info #列出所有已安装的软件包
$ apk info -a zlib #显示完整的软件包信息
$ apk info --who-owns /sbin/lbu #显示指定文件属于的包
alpine中文支持，如何安装locale指令包
需要用到alpine-pkg-glibc库，参考： https://github.com/sgerrand/alpine-pkg-glibc
apk --no-cache add ca-certificates wget
wget -q -O /etc/apk/keys/sgerrand.rsa.pub https://alpine-pkgs.sgerrand.com/sgerrand.rsa.pub
wget https://github.com/sgerrand/alpine-pkg-glibc/releases/download/2.29-r0/glibc-2.29-r0.apk
apk add glibc-2.29-r0.apk
wget https://github.com/sgerrand/alpine-pkg-glibc/releases/download/2.29-r0/glibc-bin-2.29-r0.apk
wget https://github.com/sgerrand/alpine-pkg-glibc/releases/download/2.29-r0/glibc-i18n-2.29-r0.apk
apk add glibc-bin-2.29-r0.apk glibc-i18n-2.29-r0.apk
/usr/glibc-compat/bin/localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
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